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Dog Registration Renewal Click here to find out more, pay online or update your details. Online Business Directory Connecting local businesses to customers Read more Beaches Bin collection Budget Building Business and industry. Economic development Employment Environmental nuisance Envrionment strategy. Governance Grants and funding Gympie region. Halls Health and wellbeing History and heritage. Immunisations Information privacy Information requests Inspections. On 8 August an auriferous deposit of gold was found 3 kilometres west of Buninyong, Victoria , near Ballarat.
The gold was discovered in a gully in the Buninyong ranges, by a resident of Buninyong, Thomas Hiscock. In that same month prospectors began moving from the Clunes to the Buninyong diggings. As a result, they only had the rich Ballarat goldfield to themselves for a week. In the report of the Committee on the Claims to Original Discovery of the Goldfields of Victoria published in The Argus Melbourne newspaper of 28 March , however, a different picture of the discovery of gold at Golden Point at Ballarat is presented.
They stated that Regan and Dunlop were one of two parties working at the same time on opposite sides of the ranges forming Golden Point, the other contenders for the first finders of gold at Ballarat being described as "Mr Brown and his party". The committee stated that "where so many rich deposits were discovered almost simultaneously, within a radius of little more than half a mile, it is difficult to decide to whom is due the actual commencement of the Ballarat diggings.
Esmonds Clunes and Hiscock Buninyong " and "by attracting great numbers of diggers to the neighbourhood" that "the discovery of Ballarat was but a natural consequence of the discovery of Buninyong".
It has been claimed that Gold was first found at Bendigo , Victoria in September The four sets of serious contenders for the first finders of gold on what became the Bendigo goldfield are, in no particular order:. According to the Bendigo Historical Society, it has today, contrary to the findings of the Select Committee of , become "generally agreed" [90] or "acknowledged" [91] that gold was found at Bendigo Creek by two married women from the Mount Alexander North Run later renamed the Ravenswood Run , Margaret Kennedy and Julia Farrell.
This acknowledgement is not shared by contemporaneous historians such as Robert Coupe who wrote in his book Australia's Gold Rushes , first published in , that "there are several accounts of the first finds in the Bendigo area". On September , a Select Committee of the Victorian Legislative Assembly began sitting to decide who was the first to discover gold at Bendigo.
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They stated that there were 12 claimants who had made submissions to being the first to find gold at Bendigo this included Mrs Margaret Kennedy, but not Mrs Julia Farrell who was deceased , plus the journalist Henry Frencham [94] who claimed to have discovered gold at Bendigo Creek in November According to a Select Committee of the Victorian Parliament, the name of the first discoverer of gold on the Bendigo goldfield is unknown.
The Select Committee inquiring into this matter in September and October examined many witnesses but was unable to decide between the various claimants. They were, however, able to decide that the first gold on the Bendigo goldfields was found in at "The Rocks" area of Bendigo Creek at Golden Square , which is near where today's Maple Street crosses the Bendigo Creek. As the date of September , or soon after, and place, at or near "The Rocks" on Bendigo Creek, were also mentioned in relation to three other sets of serious contenders for the first finders of gold on what became the Bendigo goldfields, all associated with the Mount Alexander North Run later renamed the Ravenswood Run.
When Margaret Kennedy gave evidence before the Select Committee in September she claimed to alone have found gold near "The Rocks" in early September She claimed that she had taken her 9-year-old son, John Drane [note 4] with her to search for gold near "The Rocks" after her husband had told her that he had seen gravel there that might bear gold, and that she was joined by her husband in the evenings. She also gave evidence that after finding gold she "engaged" [96] Julia Farrell and went back with her to pan for more gold at the same spot, and it was while there that they were seen by a Mr Frencham, he said in November.
She confirmed that they had been panning for gold also called washing with a milk dish, and had been using a quart-pot and a stocking as storage vessels. In the evidence that Margaret Kennedy gave before the Select Committee in September , Margaret Kennedy claimed that she and Julia Farrell had been secretly panning for gold before Henry Frencham arrived, evidence that was substantiated by others.
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The Select Committee found "that Henry Frencham's claim to be the discoverer of gold at Bendigo has not been sustained", but could not make a decision as to whom of the other at least 12 claimants had been first as "it would be most difficult, if not impossible, to decide that question now" They concluded that there was "no doubt that Mrs Kennedy and Mrs Farrell had obtained gold before Henry Frencham arrived on the Bendigo Creek", but that Frencham "was the first to report the discovery of payable gold at Bendigo to the Commissioner at Forest Creek Castlemaine ".
An event Frencham dated to 28 November , [95] a date which was, according to Frencham's own contemporaneous writings, after a number of diggers had already begun prospecting on the Bendigo goldfield. In the end, the Select Committee also decided "that the first place at which gold was discovered on Bendigo was at what is now known as Golden Square, called by the station hands in "The Rocks", a point about yards to the west of the junction of Golden Gully with the Bendigo Creek.
In October , Alfred Shrapnell Bailes — , [] the man who had proposed the Select Committee, who was one of the men who had sat on the Select Committee, and who was chairman of the Select Committee for 6 of the 7 days that it sat, gave an address in Bendigo where he gave his opinion on the matter of who had first found gold at Bendigo. The first group of people digging for gold at the Bendigo Creek in were people associated with the Mount Alexander North Ravenswood Run.
They included, in no particular order:. They were soon joined by miners from the Forest Creek Castlemaine diggings including the journalist Henry Frencham — There is no doubt that Henry Frencham, under the pen-name of "Bendigo", [85] was the first to publicly write anything about gold-mining at Bendigo Creek, with a report about a meeting of miners at Bendigo Creek on 8 and 9 December , published respectively in the Daily News , Melbourne, date unknown [] and 13 December editions of the Geelong Advertiser [] and The Argus , Melbourne.
In late November some of the miners at Castlemaine Forest Creek , having heard of the new discovery of gold, began to move to Bendigo Creek joining those from the Mount Alexander North Ravenswood Run who were already prospecting there. Frencham reported then about miners on the field not counting hut-keepers. On 13 December Henry Frencham's article in The Argus was published announcing to the world that gold was abundant in Bendigo.
Just days later, in mid-December the rush to Bendigo had begun, with a correspondent from Castlemaine for the Geelong Advertiser reported on 16 December that "hundreds are on the wing thither to Bendigo Creek ". Henry Frencham may not have been the first person to find gold at Bendigo but he was the first person to announce to the authorities 28 November and then the world "The Argus", 13 December the existence of the Bendigo gold-field. Lydiard at Forest Creek Castlemaine , the first gold received from Bendigo.
Gold was found at Omeo in late and gold mining continued in the area for many years. Due to the inaccessibility of the area there was only a small Omeo gold rush. Woods Almanac, , states that gold was possibly found at Fingal near Mangana in by the "Old Major" who steadily worked at a gully for two to three years guarding his secret. This gold find was probably at Mangana and that there is a gully there known as Major's Gully.
Further small finds were reported during the same year in the vicinity of Nine Mile Springs Lefroy.
In gold was found at Mt. Peter Leete at the Calder, a tributary of the Inglis. The news of this brought the first big rush to Nine Mile Springs. A township quickly developed beside the present main road from Bell Bay to Bridport, and dozens of miners pegged out claims there and at nearby Back Creek. Within a few days of the announcement of finding gold 80 gold licenses had been issued. Within seven weeks there were about people, including women and children, camped in tents and wattle-and-daub huts in "Chapman's Gully".
A township sprang up in the area as the population grew. Soon there were blacksmiths, butchers and bakers to provide the gold diggers' needs. Within 6 months licences had been issued.
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Three police constables were appointed to maintain order and to assist the Gold Commissioner. By August there were less than gold diggers and the police presence was reduced to two troopers. The gold rush was at its peak for nine months. Despite the sales of gold from Echunga, this goldfield could not compete with the richer fields in Victoria and by the South Australian goldfields were described as being 'pretty deserted'. There were further discoveries of gold in the Echunga area made in , , , and causing minor rushes.
By September there were about 1, people living at the new diggings and tents and huts were scattered throughout the scrub. A township was established with general stores, butchers and refreshment booths.
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By the end of though, the alluvial deposits at Echunga were almost exhausted and the population dwindled to several hundred. During reef mining was introduced and some small mining companies were established but all had gone into liquidation by The Echunga goldfields were South Australia's most productive. After the revival of the Echunga goldfields in , prospectors searched the Adelaide Hills for new goldfields. News of a new discovery would set off another rush.
Gold was found in Queensland near Warwick as early as , [] beginning small-scale alluvial gold mining in that state. The first Queensland goldrush did not occur until late , however, after the discovery of what was rumoured to be payable gold for a large number of men at Canoona near what was to become the town of Rockhampton.
According to legend [] this gold was found at Canoona near Rockhampton by a man named Chappie or Chapel in July or August Initially worried that his find would be exaggerated O'Connell wrote to the Chief Commissioner of Crown Lands on 25 November to inform him that he had found "very promising prospects of gold" after having some pans of earth washed. Chapel was a flamboyant and extrovert character who in at the height of the goldrush claimed to have first found the gold.
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Instead Chapel had been employed by O'Connell as but part of a prospecting party to follow up on O'Connell's initial gold find, a prospecting party which, according to contemporary local pastoralist Colin Archer, "after pottering about for some six months or more, did discover a gold-field near Canoona, yielding gold in paying quantities for a limited number of men".
This first Queensland goldrush resulted in about 15, people flocking to this sparsely populated area in the last months of This was, however, a small goldfield with only shallow gold deposits and with no where near enough gold to sustain the large number of prospectors. This goldrush was given the name of the 'duffer rush' as destitute prospectors "had, in the end, to be rescued by their colonial governments or given charitable treatment by shipping companies" to return home when they did not strike it rich and had used up all their capital.
The authorities had expected violence to break-out and had supplied contingents of mounted and foot police as well as war ships. The Victorian government sent up the "Victoria" with orders to the captain to bring back all Victorian diggers unable to pay their fares; they were to work out their passage money on return to Melbourne.
In late [] the Clermont goldfield was discovered in Central Queensland near Peak Downs, triggering what has incorrectly been described as one of Queensland's major gold rushes. Mining extended over a large area, [] but only a small number of miners was involved. Newspapers of the day, which also warned against a repeat of the Canoona experience of , [] at the same time as describing lucrative gold-finds reveal that this was only a small goldrush.
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The Rockhampton Bulletin and Central Queensland Advertiser of 3 May reported that "a few men have managed to earn a subsistence for some months In , [] [] [] gold was found at Calliope near Gladstone , [29] with the goldfield being officially proclaimed in the next year. In , gold was also found at Canal Creek Leyburn [29] and some gold-mining began there at that time, but the short-lived goldrush there did not occur until — This goldrush attracted Chinese diggers to Queensland for the first time. The enterprising Chinese diggers who arrived in the area, however, were still able to make a success of their gold-mining endeavours.
Gold was also found at Morinish near Rockhampton in with miners working in the area by December , [] and a "new rush" being described in the newspapers in February [] with the population being estimated on the field as Queensland had plunged into an economic crisis after the separation of Queensland from New South Wales in This had led to severe unemployment with a peak in Gold was being mined in the state but the number of men involved was only small.
As a direct result saw new goldrushes. More goldfields were discovered near Rockhampton in early being Ridgelands and Rosewood. The most important discovery in was later in the year when James Nash discovered gold at Gympie , [] [] with the rush under way by November Lewis, Inspector of Police arrived on the Gympie goldfield on 3 November and wrote on 11 November On reaching the diggings I found a population numbering about five hundred, the majority of whom were doing little or nothing in the way of digging for the precious metal.
Claims, however, were marked out in all directions, and the ground leading from the gullies where the richest finds have been got was taken up for a considerable distance. I have very little hesitation in stating that two-thirds of the people congregated there had never been on a diggings before, and seemed to be quite at a loss what to do.
Very few of them had tents to live in or tools to work with; and I am afraid that the majority of those had not sufficient money to keep them in food for one week From all that I could glean from miners and others, with whom I had an opportunity of speaking, respecting the diggings, I think it very probable that a permanent gold-field will be established at, or in the vicinity of, Gympie Creek; and if reports-which were in circulation when I left the diggings-to the effect that several prospecting parties had found gold at different points, varying from one to five miles from the township, be correct, there is little doubt but it will be an extensive gold-field, and will absorb a large population within a very short period.
Within months there were 25, people on the goldfield. The Kilkivan Goldfield N. W of Gympie was also discovered in with the rush to that area beginning in that same year, and, as was commonly the case, before the goldfield was officially declared in July This was unsold Crown Land and was proclaimed an official goldfield with a warden appointed. On the second day there were 40 gold seekers, 1, within a week and, within a month, 4, licensed and 1, unlicensed diggers. Three towns were established nearby with about 6, people at their peak.
Alluvial gold was easily recovered when the gold was in high concentration. As the alluvial was worked out, companies were formed to extract the gold from the ore with crushers and a mercury process. By only 50 people remained, although one of the three towns, Barossa, lasted until the s. As settlers took up land north of Adelaide, so more goldfields were discovered in South Australia: Ulooloo in , Waukaringa in , Teetulpa in , Wadnaminga in and Tarcoola in Teetulpa had the largest number of diggers of any field at any time in the history of South Australian gold discoveries. By the end of , two months into the rush, there were more than five thousand men on the field.
A reporter noted: "All sorts of people are going — from lawyers to larrikins Yesterday's train from Adelaide brought a contingent of over Many arrived in open trucks Local ironmongers and drapers were busy fitting out intending diggers with tents, picks, shovels, rugs, moleskins, etc.