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Nathaniel Levi , for many years urged the cultivation of beetroot for the production of sugar and spirits owed its brief existence as an industry to Levi's own interest in raw material for his distilling company.
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In his labours on behalf of this industry he published in a work of pages on the value and adaptability of the sugar-beet. In Western Australia, the townships of Karridale and Boyanup owe their existence to the enterprise of M. Davies , a large lumber merchant. Barnett Levy founded an early theatre in Australia. He was refused a license by then governor Darling in , though in the following year he was permitted to hold approved performances in his Sydney Hotel.
A record of the event is found in an entry in "Sydney in ", a work published in that year: "In the late twenties His Excellency Sir R. Bourke granted Barnett Levy a license for dramatic performances, with a restriction that he should confine himself to the representation of such pieces only as had been licensed in England by the Lord Chamberlain. The encouragement that this undertaking received induced the enterprising proprietor to enlarge his sphere of activity. He built a theatre called the Theatre Royal, which was opened in , at a cost which almost bankrupted him.
There have been Jewish contributions to Australian visual arts. This became a venue for exhibitions of Australian Modernist avant garde art. His wife, Mirka Mora, became a prominent artist and remains so, today. He was influential in the introduction of Bauhaus principles into visual art and design curricula in Australia. Fox and Abbey Alston have achieved distinction. Paintings by both these artists have been hung in the Melbourne National Gallery. In the Adelaide Gallery hangs a tribute to the memory of H. Abrahams for the services he rendered to the progress of art in Australia. Two Jews of Australian birth have attained to some distinction as writers, S.
Alexander and Joseph Jacobs. There has always been a thriving Australian Jewish media sector. In May , art collector and dealer, Joseph Brown , donated his substantial collection of Australian art of the 20th century to the National Gallery of Victoria.
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It was the largest single gift of works of art ever made to a public gallery in Australia. Brown migrated from Poland in Since the days of European settlement in Australia, Jews have enjoyed formal equality before the law and have not been subject to civil disabilities or other forms of state-sponsored antisemitism excluding them from full participation in public life.
Jews have been active contributors in science, art, and literature, and in the government of the colonial and Commonwealth eras, with a number attaining prominent public offices, including several governors-general. Post-war Jewish immigration came at a time when antisemitism was rife, with the Returned Services League publishing cartoons to encourage the government and Immigration Minister Arthur A. Former Prime Minister Bob Hawke , "one of Israel's most vocal supporters", was also considered for attack. The Australian Jewish community tends to experience surges in attacks on synagogues, Jewish schools and institutions and violence against persons during times of hostility in the Arab—Israeli conflict , [42] which, however, has been significantly less pronounced than in Western Europe and North America.
The Jewish community in Melbourne supports an "anti-defamation commission" ADC which makes monthly reports to police of offensive graffiti found in public toilets and elsewhere. There have been numerous incidences of antisemitic activities on university campuses. Four Molotov cocktails were thrown through window of a synagogue in Melbourne.
Jewish community responses to antisemitism in Australia includes the establishment of anti-racism programs by B'nai B'rith and other Jewish organisations. Until the s, all synagogues in Australia were nominally Orthodox , with most acknowledging leadership of the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom. To this day the vast majority of synagogues in Australia are Orthodox. However, there is a wide range of Orthodox congregations, including Mizrachi , Chabad and Adass Israel congregations. There are also Sephardi congregations. There had been short-lived efforts to establish Reform congregations as early as the s.
However, under the leadership of Ada Phillips, a sustained liberal congregation, Temple Beth Israel was established in Melbourne. Subsequently, another synagogue linked to the Reform Movement , Temple Emanuel , was established in Sydney in Following these two congregations, a number of other Liberal synagogues have been founded in other cities. Since Conservative Masorti services have been held as an alternative service usually in the Neuweg, the smaller second synagogue within Temple Emanuel, Woollahra, Sydney. The congregation appointed its first rabbi, Ehud Bandel in In , the first humanistic Jewish congregation, known as Kehilat Kolenu, was established in Melbourne with links to the cultural Jewish youth movement Habonim Dror.
Later in , a similar congregation was established in Sydney, known as Ayelet HaShachar. The services are loosely based on the Humanistic Jewish movement in the United States and the musical-prayer group Nava Tehila in Israel. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Archived from the original on 30 October Retrieved 7 September Australian Jewish News. Archived from the original on 9 April Rutland Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Retrieved 3 January Retrieved 4 December Retrieved 18 May The Queenslander. National Library of Australia.
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Retrieved 14 February The Brisbane Courier. Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August The Hebrew Standard of Australasia.
Retrieved 24 January Archived from the original on 13 September Retrieved 9 August Tom Luke, who lives in Bendigo, said: "We're very proud of our Cornish heritage. One person in Bendigo died during the bush fires, but many people had to flee their homes. We love them and they love us. The bank is a manifestation of the consolidation of Bendigo as a key provincial city in the post Gold Rush era.
Leonard Terry, one of Victoria's leading architects of the time, executed almost all of the bank's new work in the state between and The design of the Bendigo branch is a simple and elegant example of the Italianate style. The rendered finely detailed and finely proportioned facade, which was originally symmetrical employs arched door and window openings at the ground level while the upper level windows are square headed The gold smelting house which was an integral part of the original gold buying office still stands behind the bank.
Although the smelting equipment has been removed, the structure is still intact and serves as a link with Bendigo's gold mining past. The rendered facades face Pall Mall and View Street and intersect at a chamfered corner. The ground floor is arcuated and rusticated. The first floor comprises a series of pedimented windows and a trabeated system of tripled Doric pilasters. This is the longest established bank and oldest bank building in Bendigo The bank superbly terminates the row of buildings down View Street and is an essential feature of this important historic city.
It is illustrative of the civic development that occurred as a result of the mining industry and specifically the commercial development in this locality. View Point became the financial centre of Bendigo and this bank is one of at least seven erected along View Point from the s.
Though constructed as the premises for the Royal Bank, the building was used from the late s as the premises of Colonial Mutual Life when internal renovations were undertaken to accommodate offices in the floors of the building previously used for the bank manager's residence. The Heritage Council Register notes: "The former Colonial Bank, with its richly modelled facade and lofty and finely detailed banking chamber, is an extraordinary example of Boom Classicism style, where the conventions of conservative classical architecture were playfully distorted and elaborated.
Central Deb orah Mine Located at 76 Violet Street, this mine was first established in when a shaft was sunk. The mine was closed in , after extracting one tonne of gold from 60, tonnes of ore. A fully guided tour sees visitors putting on miner's gear and descending metres below the surface. Not surprisingly it is the deepest underground mine tour in Australia. There is a surface display where you can inspect machinery and mining equipment.
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It is open daily from 9. The first trams were battery operated and ran from the railway station to Eaglehawk. However, the hilly terrain exhausted the batteries and steam trams replaced them from Electric trams with overhead lines came into operation in The trams ceased to function as general public transport in , but all the trams were retained, and were put into service as 'Talking Trams' or placed in the museum which now has 45 restored trams and prides itself on its ability to revitalise ageing trams. It is the largest cathedral outside Melbourne and reputedly the last Early Gothic style cathedral built in the world.
It was designed by the architect W Tappin, of Reed Smart and Tappin, in and work commenced in but it wasn't completed in The building is made of Barrabol freestone. Australian blackwood was used to build the pews and Sicilian marble was used for the sanctuary walls. The metre stained-glass window on the western wall was made in Birmingham. The cathedral's tallest spire stands at 86 metres with a 3 tonne, 7 metre bronze cross at its apex.
The eagle lectern was donated by George Lansell who also built Fortuna Villa. The Victorian Heritage Database records its significance as: "The Sacred Heart Cathedral is architecturally important as Australia's largest provincial church. Constructed in sandstone and local granite in an authentic Decorated Gothic style, the church is significant as the only cathedral in the State to be completed in this style this century.
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