New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges until , when the first train ran direct from Sydney to Melbourne. The two states could not initially agree which should be the transfer point so they had an expensive and attractive iron lattice bridge sent from Scotland which accommodated both gauges. In , Albury built its first school house.
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The Royal Commission on Sites for the Seat of Government of the Commonwealth report of recommended Albury along with Tumut as the preferred candidate for the national capital , [9] though the proposal met staunch opposition from residents. The lack of support for other places ultimately led to the selection of Canberra as the preferred site. After signalling by Morse code A-L-B-U-R-Y to the lost aircrew by using the entire town's public lighting system, the "Uiver" was guided in to land safely. The makeshift runway at the racecourse was illuminated by the headlights of cars belonging to local residents who had responded to a special news bulletin on ABC radio station 2CO.
After refuelling the next day, many local volunteers helped pull the stranded aircraft out of the mud and the aircraft was able to take off and continue to Melbourne where it won first prize in the race's handicap category and was second overall. Proclaimed a city in , Albury played a role in the post-war immigration to Australia with the establishment nearby of Australia's first migrant centre, the Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre in Albury's proximity to Wodonga has spurred several efforts to achieve some kind of municipal governmental union see Albury-Wodonga.
In , Albury-Wodonga was selected as the primary focus of the Whitlam federal government's scheme to redirect the uncontrolled growth of Australia's large coastal cities Sydney and Melbourne in particular by encouraging decentralisation. Grand plans were made to turn Albury-Wodonga into a major inland city and large areas of the surrounding farmland was compulsorily purchased by the government. Some industries were enticed to move there, and a certain amount of population movement resulted. However, the current urban population is approximately 92, The following buildings, structures, and ephemera in Albury are listed on various heritage registers :.
According to the census of Population, there were 47, people in the Albury part of the Albury — Wodonga Urban Centre. Albury is situated above the river flats of the Murray River, in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range. Albury has a warm, temperate climate , with cool, damp winters and very warm to hot, mostly dry, summers. Nights can be freezing in the town and frosts are commonplace in winter, with approximately 20 days per year featuring minimums of below freezing. The highest temperature recorded at Albury was Albury's mean annual rainfall is Rain can occur all year round, but most of it falls in the winter months with July's high mean of Albury has quite a high evaporation rate in summer, giving the environment a more arid look compared to drier cities like Melbourne although Albury in winter has a much greener look.
The city enjoys a high amount of sunshine, getting around days of clear skies annually — The sunniest month is March, with Much commercial activity is concentrated here, with Dean Street forming the axis of the main shopping and office district. West over the ridge lies West Albury. All of West Albury was once wetland and bush. To the north-west of West Albury is Pemberton Park. The Mungabareena Reserve lies on the Murray south of the airport, and is considered an Aboriginal cultural site of some significance.
Mungabareena means "place of plenty talk" in the Wiradjuri language. South Albury is a mix of residential and industrial areas, with the floodplains south of the railway line and freeway still used for farming and grazing. Flood mitigation works in the s have dramatically reduced the risk of flooding in this area. North Albury was covered by orchards and vineyards in the first half of the 20th century, and a swamp existed where James Fallon High School now stands.
The locality of Glenroy is adjacent to North Albury, west of the Bungambrawartha Creek, and housing was developed here in the s, including a significant Housing Commission public housing estate. Lavington is the largest suburb of Albury, and the only suburb which has its own postcode , as opposed to for the balance of Albury. The suburb was originally named Black Range in the s and s, before being renamed Lavington in Housing and commercial development has continued from that point until this day.
Prior to , the Hume Highway — passed north-east through the suburb, with Urana Road passing north-west though the suburb from the "Five Ways" road junction. In , an internal bypass of the Hume Freeway was opened, [36] with the former name of the Hume Highway section officially reverting to the commonly used "Wagga Road". Albury's lawn cemetery and crematorium lies at the western end of Union Road. Thurgoona , to the east of Lavington, was established as a new residential suburb by the Albury Wodonga Development Corporation in the s.
A major golf club Thurgoona Country Club Resort is also situated in this suburb. Albury's houses and buildings are numbered using a special system introduced in The centre of the city, which is defined as the intersection of Dean and Olive Streets, is numbered , and all other houses are numbered depending on whether they are north, south, east or west of the centre. Lake Hume is situated on the Murray River 10 kilometres 6.
The Hume Dam colloquially termed the Weir locally wall construction took 17 years, from to The lake was created for irrigation purposes and has caused significant changes to the flow patterns and ecology of the Murray River. Before the construction of the Hume Weir, flows in normal non-drought years were low in summer and autumn though still significant overall , rising in winter due to seasonal rainfall and reaching a flood-peak in late spring due to snow-melt in the Murray and its tributaries' alpine headwaters.
The flow is now effectively reversed, with low flows in winter and sustained, relatively high flows in late spring, summer and early autumn to meet irrigation demands, although the spring flood peak has been virtually eliminated.
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Several threatened species can be found in Albury, including the Sloane's froglet , Regent Honeyeater , and Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis. Situated on the old Hume Highway , Albury is a major transit point for interstate commerce. From March , Albury was bypassed by the new Hume Freeway. The other minor highways which connect to Albury are the Riverina Highway , which continues west through Berrigan to Deniliquin and east to Lake Hume ; and the Olympic Highway renamed from the Olympic Way which diverges left from the Hume 16 kilometres 9.
In , the Smollett Street wrought iron arch bridge was constructed over Bungambrawatha Creek.
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Smollet Street was extended westward through the botanical gardens to give direct access from the Albury Railway Station to Howlong Road by a straight street. The bridge is near the botanic gardens and the local swimming pool. The bridge is a rare example of a metal arch bridge in New South Wales, and is the oldest of only two such bridges in New South Wales, the other being the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
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Albury railway station is on the main Sydney-Melbourne railway line. Originally, New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges , which meant that all travellers in either direction had to change trains at Albury. In , the 5-footinch 1.
In , the New South Wales 4-foot Albury became the stop over, where passengers on the Melbourne-Sydney journey changed trains until , when a standard gauge track was opened between the two capitals. After World War II, in an attempt to overcome the difference in gauges and speed up traffic, a bogie exchange device lifted freight wagons and carriages allowing workers to refit rolling stock with different gauged wheel-sets.
The break of railway gauge at Albury was a major impediment to Australia's war effort and infrastructure during both World Wars, as every soldier, every item of equipment, and all supplies had to be off-loaded from the broad gauge and reloaded onto a standard gauge railway wagon on the opposite side of the platform.
In his book Tramps Abroad , writer Mark Twain in wrote of the break of gauge at Albury and changing trains: ""Now comes a singular thing, the oddest thing, the strangest thing, the most unaccountable marvel that Australia can show. At the frontier between NSW and Victoria our multitude of passengers were routed out of their snug beds by lantern light in the morning in the biting cold to change cars. Think of the paralysis of intellect that gave that idea birth, imagine the boulder it emerged from, on some petrified legislator's shoulders. During the Second World War military armouries and warehouses were established in the vicinity of Albury at Bonegilla, Wirlinga and Bandiana.
Similar stores were also established at Tocumwal and Oaklands. The conversion of the broad gauge track to a second standard gauge track, between Seymour and Albury, was substantially completed in Albury Airport , owned and operated by the City of Albury , is the second busiest regional airport in New South Wales with around , passenger movements per year.
The airport, 4 kilometres 2. Local public transport is provided exclusively by private bus operators, Martin's Albury and the Dyson Group who run day time bus services. The overwhelming majority of local transport is by private car, however traffic is generally moderate. The opening of the Hume Freeway bypass on 4 March , [49] has greatly eased previous traffic congestion on the Lincoln Causeway, allowing vastly better flow between Albury and Wodonga. There is a good network of bicycle paths in the city, including one to the outlying suburb of Thurgoona and across the state border to Wodonga.
A new program has built many more bike tracks, including one from the riverside parks to Wonga Wetlands. Albury serves as an administrative centre for the agricultural communities around the area, and the city is the home of the Norske Skog newsprint paper mill which processes the pine logs planted in the mountains to the east, a major processing centre of the Australian Taxation Office , and many other smaller secondary industries. Originally the Kaitlers Road facility was opened as an expansion for Borg-Warner in , manufacturing gearboxes for various manufacturers including Ford , Holden and even Maserati.
At its peak in it employed people. The ownership of the plant changed several times — it was sold in to BTR Nylex. Due to a failed deal with General Motors Holden the workforce was reduced to people. The Australian pizza chain Eagle Boys was founded in Albury but ceased operations in when it was purchased by Pizza Hut. The region surrounding Albury provides a variety of tourist attractions, including the wine region centred on Rutherglen , the historic goldfield towns of Beechworth and Yackandandah , boating, fishing and canoe hire on the many rivers and lakes, including Lake Hume , the forests and mountains of the Great Dividing Range and slightly further afield the snowfields Falls Creek and Mount Hotham.
Wonga Wetlands, 2. Wonga Wetlands boasts more than species of birdlife and is home to the Aquatic Environment Education Centre. Albury is home to one of the campuses of Charles Sturt University. Charles Sturt University relocated to a new purpose built campus at Thurgoona in The Albury-Wodonga campus of La Trobe University is also a large and growing educational institution with several thousand undergraduates and postgraduates in its two colleges.
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